Transfer of Energy

Physical Science
Transfer of Energy

National Standards State Standards SFUSD Standards

B3a* Energy is a property of many substances and is associated with heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound, nuclei, and the nature of a chemical. Energy is transferred in many ways. 6.3a. energy can be carried from one place to another by heat flow, or by waves including water waves, light and sound, or by moving objects. Content Standard 2: Students understand that energy exists in many forms, including heat, light, chemical, nuclear, mechanical, and electrical which can be transformed from one form to another.

B3b* Heat moves in predictable ways, flowing from warmer objects to cooler ones, until both reach the same temperature. 6.3. Heat moves in a predictable flow from warmer objects to cooler objects until all objects are at the same temperature.
6.3c. heat flows in solids by conduction (which involves no flow of matter) and in fluids by conduction and also by convection (which involves flow of matter).
6.4. Many phenomena on the Earth's surface are affected by the transfer of energy through radiation and convection currents.
6.4d. convection currents distribute heat in the atmosphere and oceans.
Content Standard 8: Students understand that when energy is applied to a system, a certain amount of energy appears to be "lost" but is, in fact, "transformed." This transformation can explain much of the phenomena of the universe—from exploding stars and biological growth to the operation of machines and the motion of people—and that heat is almost always one of the products of this process.

B3c* Light interacts with matter by transmission (including refraction), absorption, or scattering (including reflection). To see an object, light from that object—emitted by or scattered from it—must enter the eye. 7.6b. for an object to be seen, light emitted by or scattered from it must enter the eye.
7.6f. light interacts with matter by transmission (including refraction), absorption, or scattering (including reflection).
7.6c. light travels in straight lines except when the medium it travels through changes.
Content Standard 3: Students understand that light interacts with matter by transmission (including refraction), absorption, or scattering (including reflection). To see an object, light from that object—emitted or scattered from it—must enter the eye.

B3d* Electrical circuits provide a means of transferring electrical energy when heat, light, sound, and chemical changes are produced. NOT PRESENT IN CA STATE STANDARDS Content Standard 8: Students understand that when energy is applied to a system, a certain amount of energy appears to be "lost" but is, in fact, "transformed." This transformation can explain much of the phenomena of the universe—from exploding stars and biological growth to the operation of machines and the motion of people—and that heat is almost always one of the products of this process.

B3e* In most chemical and nuclear reactions, energy is transferred into or out of a system. Heat, light, mechanical motion, or electricity might all be involved in such transfers. 8.5c. chemical reactions usually liberate heat or absorb heat. Content Standard 8: Students understand that when energy is applied to a system, a certain amount of energy appears to be "lost" but is, in fact, "transformed." This transformation can explain much of the phenomena of the universe—from exploding stars and biological growth to the operation of machines and the motion of people—and that heat is almost always one of the products of this process.

B3f* The sun is a major source of energy for changes on the earth's surface. The sun loses energy by emitting light. A tiny fraction of that light reaches the earth, transferring energy from the sun to the earth. The sun's energy arrives as light with a range of wavelengths, consisting of visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet radiation. 6.3d. heat energy is also transferred between objects by radiation; radiation can travel through space. (partial)
6.4a. the sun is the major source of energy for phenomena on the EarthÕs surface, powering winds, ocean currents, and the water cycle.
6.4b. solar energy reaches Earth through radiation, mostly in the form of visible light.
7.6a. visible light is a small band within a very broad electromagnetic spectrum.
Content Standard 8: Students understand that when energy is applied to a system, a certain amount of energy appears to be "lost" but is, in fact, "transformed." This transformation can explain much of the phenomena of the universe—from exploding stars and biological growth to the operation of machines and the motion of people—and that heat is almost always one of the products of this process.

NOT PRESENT IN NATIONAL STDS 6.3b. when fuel is consumed, most of the energy released becomes heat energy. (SFUSD Std 8)
6.4c. heat from Earth's interior reaches the surface primarily through convection.
7.6d. how simple lenses are used in a magnifying glass, the eye, camera, telescope, and microscope.
7.6e. white light is a mixture of many wavelengths (colors), and that retinal cells react differently with different wavelengths.
7.6g. the angle of reflection of a light beam is equal to the angle of incidence.
n/a

NOT PRESENT IN NATIONAL STDS NOT PRESENT IN CA STATE STDS Content Standard 4: Students understand that magnetic forces are very closely related to electrical forces and can be thought of as different aspects of a single electromagnetic force. Moving electrical charges produce magnetic forces and moving magnets produce electric forces.
Content Standard 9: Students understand that sound is an example of a vibration traveling, in a specific medium, away from its source causing a wavelike disturbance. These and other waves move at different speeds in different media.

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National Standards	State Standards	SFUSD Standards
B3a* Energy is a property of many substances and is associated with heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound, nuclei, and the nature of a chemical. Energy is transferred in many ways.	6.3a. energy can be carried from one place to another by heat flow, or by waves including water waves, light and sound, or by moving objects.	Content Standard 2: Students understand that energy exists in many forms, including heat, light, chemical, nuclear, mechanical, and electrical which can be transformed from one form to another.
B3b* Heat moves in predictable ways, flowing from warmer objects to cooler ones, until both reach the same temperature.	6.3. Heat moves in a predictable flow from warmer objects to cooler objects until all objects are at the same temperature. 6.3c. heat flows in solids by conduction (which involves no flow of matter) and in fluids by conduction and also by convection (which involves flow of matter). 6.4. Many phenomena on the Earth's surface are affected by the transfer of energy through radiation and convection currents. 6.4d. convection currents distribute heat in the atmosphere and oceans.	Content Standard 8: Students understand that when energy is applied to a system, a certain amount of energy appears to be "lost" but is, in fact, "transformed." This transformation can explain much of the phenomena of the universe—from exploding stars and biological growth to the operation of machines and the motion of people—and that heat is almost always one of the products of this process.
B3c* Light interacts with matter by transmission (including refraction), absorption, or scattering (including reflection). To see an object, light from that object—emitted by or scattered from it—must enter the eye.	7.6b. for an object to be seen, light emitted by or scattered from it must enter the eye. 7.6f. light interacts with matter by transmission (including refraction), absorption, or scattering (including reflection). 7.6c. light travels in straight lines except when the medium it travels through changes.	Content Standard 3: Students understand that light interacts with matter by transmission (including refraction), absorption, or scattering (including reflection). To see an object, light from that object—emitted or scattered from it—must enter the eye.
B3d* Electrical circuits provide a means of transferring electrical energy when heat, light, sound, and chemical changes are produced.	NOT PRESENT IN CA STATE STANDARDS	Content Standard 8: Students understand that when energy is applied to a system, a certain amount of energy appears to be "lost" but is, in fact, "transformed." This transformation can explain much of the phenomena of the universe—from exploding stars and biological growth to the operation of machines and the motion of people—and that heat is almost always one of the products of this process.
B3e* In most chemical and nuclear reactions, energy is transferred into or out of a system. Heat, light, mechanical motion, or electricity might all be involved in such transfers.	8.5c. chemical reactions usually liberate heat or absorb heat.	Content Standard 8: Students understand that when energy is applied to a system, a certain amount of energy appears to be "lost" but is, in fact, "transformed." This transformation can explain much of the phenomena of the universe—from exploding stars and biological growth to the operation of machines and the motion of people—and that heat is almost always one of the products of this process.
B3f* The sun is a major source of energy for changes on the earth's surface. The sun loses energy by emitting light. A tiny fraction of that light reaches the earth, transferring energy from the sun to the earth. The sun's energy arrives as light with a range of wavelengths, consisting of visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet radiation.	6.3d. heat energy is also transferred between objects by radiation; radiation can travel through space. (partial) 6.4a. the sun is the major source of energy for phenomena on the EarthÕs surface, powering winds, ocean currents, and the water cycle. 6.4b. solar energy reaches Earth through radiation, mostly in the form of visible light. 7.6a. visible light is a small band within a very broad electromagnetic spectrum.	Content Standard 8: Students understand that when energy is applied to a system, a certain amount of energy appears to be "lost" but is, in fact, "transformed." This transformation can explain much of the phenomena of the universe—from exploding stars and biological growth to the operation of machines and the motion of people—and that heat is almost always one of the products of this process.
NOT PRESENT IN NATIONAL STDS	6.3b. when fuel is consumed, most of the energy released becomes heat energy. (SFUSD Std 8) 6.4c. heat from Earth's interior reaches the surface primarily through convection. 7.6d. how simple lenses are used in a magnifying glass, the eye, camera, telescope, and microscope. 7.6e. white light is a mixture of many wavelengths (colors), and that retinal cells react differently with different wavelengths. 7.6g. the angle of reflection of a light beam is equal to the angle of incidence.	n/a
NOT PRESENT IN NATIONAL STDS	NOT PRESENT IN CA STATE STDS	Content Standard 4: Students understand that magnetic forces are very closely related to electrical forces and can be thought of as different aspects of a single electromagnetic force. Moving electrical charges produce magnetic forces and moving magnets produce electric forces. Content Standard 9: Students understand that sound is an example of a vibration traveling, in a specific medium, away from its source causing a wavelike disturbance. These and other waves move at different speeds in different media.